America Should Never Have Entered the Vietnam War Essay

During the Lyndon Baines Johnson presidential administration, both those policy makers who supported America’s involvement in Vietnam and those who opposed the war were part of the â€Å"containment generation.† They had reached political maturity during World War II and the early years of the Cold War and had experienced the intense anticommunism of the McCarthy era of the early 1950s. These leaders understood and applied the lessons of American nationalism, which had the primary message that the U.S. was the dominating nation that had to embrace its responsibility to aid and improve nations in America’s image. Therefore, when they saw that there was a threat of the spread of communism to areas of Southeast Asia, a majority of the†¦show more content†¦This logic led many to flee to Canada or simply resist the draft. Protesters felt that the United States should not be involved in another nation’s civil war especially a war that uses tactics su ch as saturation bombing, the killing of civilians, and the use of toxic chemicals. David Harris, a draft resister, wrote, â€Å"The war was an extraordinarily obvious violation of everything that I had been led to expect from the country I was a part of†¦.when my generation’s war showed up it turned to out to be a propping up of petty dictators so they could keep a good portion of their population in servitude† (Handout page 9). Mass protests occurred all around America. The New York Times wrote about just one protest that had occurred, â€Å"A vast throng of Americans, predominantly youthful and constituting the largest mass march in the nation’s capital, demonstrated peaceably in the heart of the city today, demanding a rapid withdrawal of United States troops from Vietnam†¦.There were a number of arrests and minor injuries, mostly the result of tear gas† (Handout page 10). These protesters understood what the war was really doing to Ame rica and how immoral our actions truly were, but many others were in support of the war, thus causing a division in the United States. In addition, there were an increasing number of politicians who were opposed to the war. Initially, the majority of politicians felt thatShow MoreRelatedThe Vietnam War and Communism1192 Words   |  5 Pages The Vietnam War was costly not only to our armed forces but to our American economy and American morale. We entered the war in an attempt to end the communist regime of North Vietnam and their southern allies, the Vietcong, from taking over South Vietnam. South Vietnam was an ally of the United States and due to this political relationship; the United States was entitled to help defend their ally. More than 58,000 Americans were killed in the Vietnam War. By 1969 it was the peak of American involvementRead MoreOpposing the Vietnam War Essay1023 Words   |  5 PagesOpposing the Vietnam War The War in Vietnam is one of the most controversial arguments in history. The main reason That it is so controversial, is because we lost. Both democrats and republicans argue that the way the war was handled should have been differently. Some ask why bother, the war is over and done with; that there is nothing anyone can do to change it. The amazing thing about history though is that we can learn from our mistakes, and make sure that nothing like thisRead MoreThe Vietnam War And The Soviet Union1535 Words   |  7 PagesThe Vietnam War During the Vietnam War, United States involvement was for personal reasons and fear of communism. Neither the United States or the Soviet Union should have been involved. The War was just used as a cover up for the actual silent, passive aggressive war between the United States and the Soviet. The Vietnam war was started by the North â€Å"Viet Cong† and their desire to unify Vietnam under communist rule. The South was against communism, making tensions grow until eventually, a war brokeRead MoreThe United States Involvement During The Vietnam War947 Words   |  4 Pagescountries. Some of those conflicts have turned out into wars. Looking back at America’s â€Å"track record† with war, America has a worthy past of having its citizen’s support. Obviously the two World Wars we not controversial. The United States in the Korean War was criticized, fairly, for its strategy, but the need to defend South Korea was never questioned. In only the Vietnam War was the United States’ very participation criticized. This is such a gigantic change with prior wars that it bears study as to whyRead MoreBob Dylan Vietnam878 Words   |  4 Pagesa time often called the decade of discontent because of demonstrations against the Vietnam War. Americans were divided between patriotism and the desire for peace. Some agreed with President Johnsons involvement in Vietnam for the common goal of eliminating communism, others became entranced in the peace movements that usually involved mass protests. For those who protested American involvement in the longest war they ever took part in, songs of the times were an inspiration, particularly songs ofRead MoreEffects Of The Vietnam War On America1559 Words   |  7 PagesDoogan America in history 3H, Pd. 8 20 January 2015 Effects of the Vietnam War The Vietnam War is one of the most debatable and controversial wars in U.S. History. To this day people are questioning why we ever entered a war that was over 8,000 miles away. Why would we put our soldiers through such harsh fighting conditions and why would we spend so much money on a war that was not ours? Some people say that U.S. involvement was necessary to help end Communism and important to keep South Vietnam fromRead MoreThe Negative Impacts Of Isolationism And Isolationism In America1716 Words   |  7 PagesFor years America has been seen as the world’s hero swooping in and saving the day from foreign bad guys, or at least that’s America sees itself as. To many other countries however America is often seen as the world’s bully or just a nuisance. The United States has had many positive impacts on the world and those seem to over shadow the large number of negative impacts it has imposed as well. The world has been changed by the U.S. in both positi ve and negative ways, and this is due to the alternatingRead MoreThe Vietnam War: The Mental, Social, and Physical Effects on the Soldiers1402 Words   |  4 PagesIn 1961 the worst war ever fought by America had just started. The Vietnamese of the north also known as the Viet Cong had invaded the south to take control of the entire country. America and other democratic countries felt the spread of communism to this country would be a stepping-stone for other communistic countries around the world, also known as the Domino Effect. America, as cocky as they were, invaded Vietnam to help the southern Vietnamese. Although America is one of the most powerful countriesRead MoreEffects Of The War On The Vietnam War Essay1478 Words   |  6 Pagescalamitous American involvement in the Vietnam war exposed a plethora of social and political ambiguities in 1960s society. The loss of the war can be attributed to a number of things - poor foreign policy, Johnson’s failure to adequately justify American involvement, the lack of direction for the war or viable strategy, and U.S. troops being unable to compete with the foreign terrain of Vietnam. In this essay I will argue that among the numerous reasons the war was lost, three were the most notable:Read MoreLyndon Johnson And The Vietnam War934 Words   |  4 Pages1969, Richard Nixon entered the executive office picking up the pieces Lyndon Johnson who had left while the Vietnam War was still in effect. Many Americans had the expectation that Nixon would be the â€Å"peaceful president†, visualizing he would put an end to this war in Southeast Asian and bring back home our troops. A policy Nixon redefined was the American role in the world by suggesting to limit the U.S resources and commitments. Therefore, Nixon’s set his efforts to end the war since the withdrawal

Non-Conformity in The Catcher in the Rye and Igby Goes...

The Catcher in the Rye ¬ and Igby goes down, written by JD Salinger and Burr Steers respectively, explore the issue of non-conformity among youth. As Steers’ text is an appropriation of Salinger’s, similar ideas and opinions are presented, however they are affected by both context and medium in the way that they are conveyed, and the composers view on the issues. Despite this, their purpose remains the same, and that is to show the positive and negative sides of non-conformism on the mental and physical health of contemporary youth. The issues used to convey this purpose are conformity, growing up and relationships, however these are all intertwined throughout the two texts. The most direct way that the composers explore the issue of†¦show more content†¦In contrary to this, the difference in medium in Steers’ Igby Goes Down does not allow for this vessel of empathy; rather, the audience empathises with the character of Igby by seeing his physical reaction to the events around him. For example, the scene where he begs Sookie to come away with him through a closed door uses the techniques of misc-en-scene and symbolism to show the dramatic effect of the situation on Igby. The audience sees the reactions of Igby and Sookie with only one character on screen at a time, even though they are so close. In this scene, the door acts as a barrier and a symbol that they are far apart, which is representative of their gap in age and why Sookie feels she is more suited to Igby’s brother. Through this issue and the techniques used, Salinger and Steers are able to show the effects of non-conformism on contemporary youth. Another theme that is explored in both The Catcher in the Rye and Igby Goes Down is growing up. Essentially, both of these texts are a rite of passage novel, where we see the protagonist develop though their time of adolescence in search for individuality. The journey that the characters in each of the texts take is originally similar, but result in different outcomes. In Salinger’s text, the character of Holden attempts to stay innocent in the corrupt society in which he lives. Salinger, through this, isShow MoreRelatedComparative Essay - Catcher in the Rye vs. Igby Goes Down1552 Words   |  7 PagesComparative Essay The Catcher In The Rye by J.D. Salinger and Igby Goes Down by Burr Steers are both displayed as rites of passage texts. The respective protagonists of these two texts are Igby Slocumb and Holden Caulfield. These two characters are both on a journey motif, a journey of self discovery in which they both attempt to find meaning in life and understand societies values and attitudes. The two protagonists demonstrate non-conformity and rebel against the apparent hypocrisy present inRead MoreJ.D. Salingers Catcher In The Rye and Burr Steers Igby Goes Down1493 Words   |  6 Pages Comparative Essay The Catcher In The Rye by J.D. Salinger and Igby Goes Down by Burr Steers are both displayed as rites of passage texts. The respective protagonists of these two texts are Igby Slocumb and Holden Caulfield. These two characters are both on a journey motif, a journey of self discovery in which they both attempt to find meaning in life and understand societies values and attitudes. The two protagonists demonstrate non-conformity and rebel against the apparent hypocrisy present in

Business plan evaluation Essay - 726 Words

Adorable Pet Photography MGT/401 Introduction Adorable Pet Photography (APP) is a sole proprietorship company that promises to capture memorable pet pictures for their clients. I have chosen APP from the Business Plan Pro software’s sample database to consider it for investment purposes. The following evaluation will explain my intent to invest in APP based on the overall writing of the business plan, feasibility of the plan, and the competencies needed by the entrepreneur to be successful. Writing Evaluation Adorable Pet Photography’s business plan is overall well written. The entrepreneur has adequately portrayed the company’s goals, how he intends to meet those goals, qualifications, and assets. The plan is†¦show more content†¦The business plan states APP will be a part time business at first until it grows a large enough client base to fund a full time effort. It also claims that it will provide consistent quality products at a competitive price with an emphasis on customer satisfaction and flexible hours. Though there are many positive points to consider when assessing the feasibility of APP, there are a few concerns too. I would like more information on how APP plans to offer flexible hours to clients while at the part-time capacity. If the part-time schedule of APP is to accommodate another job or income source, I would like an explanation of how the two schedules will not interfere. Another concern to address is plans and funding for futu re equipment. The owner states that he owns all of his own equipment but photography technology changes quickly. Does he intend to keep up with the latest equipment to meet the expectations of his clients? Where will the funding for new equipment come from and how often does he plan to upgrade? Will he be replacing cameras and other hardware? What about photo editing software and the computers to run them on? Overall I find Adorable Pet Photography’s business plan and goals to be feasible. There are a few follow up questions and concerns, but a meeting with the owner should clear those up. Conclusion Adorable Pet Photography has done a good job with their business plan. It isShow MoreRelatedBusiness Plan Evaluation3487 Words   |  14 PagesBusiness Plan Evaluation: Zara Restaurant Lounge (Revision) After completing my first evaluation of Zara’s business plan I could not help but feel that I had missed something in my analysis. It was over the next week that I realized that I had failed to thoroughly evaluate the plan. At a glance, I thought the Zara concept was intriguing and as a bonus, aligned with my own dream to open a restaurant. I wanted to believe in the plan so much that I missed its weaknesses. Having time to reviewRead MoreEvaluation Of A Strategic Business Plan946 Words   |  4 PagesA strategic business plan follows a structured process which defines the purpose and goals of the company, and then adds the actions necessary to reach those goals. Quality planning will provide more recognition and commitment to the quality effort. Quality Council: The group which will develop guidelines, measure progress and assist with implementation of the quality objectives. The Quality Council is responsible for the growth, control, and effectiveness of total quality. Quality Policies:Read MoreEvaluation Of A Strategic Business Plan6241 Words   |  25 PagesASSESSMENT Part 1: Quantitative Analysis Brief Project Introduction Business plans are necessary for growth and success of companies. As cited in Scott (n.d.), a strategic business plan is a written document that pairs the objectives of a company with the needs of the marketplace. The plan allows businesses to focus on a particular niche in the marketplace, which makes sales, advertising and customer management more effective.† The plan helps businesses evaluate its strengths and weaknesses and provideRead MoreBusiness Process Change Plan Evaluation1049 Words   |  5 PagesBUSINESS PROCESS CHANGE PLAN EVALUATION GB560 Designing, Improving and Implementing Processes Session # 1105D Unit 6 Assignment Alicia Fields Kaplan University August 30, 2011 The importance of understanding Business Process Change Business processes comprise a set of sequential sub-processes or tasks, with alternative paths depending on certain conditions as applicable, performed to achieve a given objective or produce given outputs. Each process has one or more needed inputs. The inputsRead MoreEvaluation Of A Backup Plan For The Business Enterprise1637 Words   |  7 Pagesthere need to be a backup plan that restores the gadget to its preceding level to minimize the effect to the business enterprise’s functionality. Research has proven that forty three% of companies that have any backup in location never reopen, and that a catastrophe stage occasion can damage the machine and cost 25% of the sales. Having a sturdy backup plan in region allows us avoid going through such effects. There are numerous again up strategies that can act as a backup plan for disaster get betterRead MoreStrategic Report On Strategic Information System Planning Essay1333 Words   |  6 Pagesalliance s Information System mast erminding ought to be changed by general business thinking, and occasionally may even change into a making wellspring of high ground. 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Essay about Cultural Influences on Identity Development

The question we are answering is, how does culture influence identity development? By the end of this paper you would be able to conclude that no matter what the surroundings of an individual is it will have some sort of an effect on either the physical or mental aspects of an individual. In order to answer this question we must understand how identity is developed, what culture consists of and concluding how culture influences identity development. First and Foremost in order to know what motivates identity development we must understand how identity is developed. Identity development starts with infants discovering of self which continues throughout childhood and become the focus of adolescence. According to Erik Erikson the goal of†¦show more content†¦During childhood, self – awareness continues both growing and changing. Children at young Ages describe themselves in terms of observable characteristics and behaviours, including physical attributes. Between ages six and twelve, children begin to include less concrete aspects of the self in their descriptions. School aged children talk about Their feelings (â€Å"I love my cat† ) and how they fit into their social world (â€Å"I’m the best defence on my team†).The cognitive, physical and social changes of adolescence allow the teenager to develop identity that will serve as a basis for their adult lives. In relation to Erikson this part of identity development would fall s under the identity versus role confusion stage, adolescents description of self-expands to include personality traits (â€Å"I’m positive†) and attitudes (â€Å"I don’t like stuck – up people†). The emergence of abstract reasoning allows adolescents to think about the future and experiment with different identities. James Marcia a clinical and developmental psychologist also has an interpretation of identity development. He theorized that identity development involves two steps. First, adolescent must depart from childhood beliefs and start to explore alternatives for identity development. Second, adolescents, make a commitment as to their individual identity in that Area. Marcia Identified four â€Å"identity statuses† to describeShow MoreRelatedHas Anyone Put Any Psychological Thought Into How They1483 Words   |  6 Pagestheir identity? Two psychologists, Erik Erikson and Jean Piaget, dedicated their lives to this type of development. Erikson theorists would take a social influence stance, and Piagetian theorists focus on one’s cognition. So, who is right? More knowledge has been obtained to know that human behavior should be social and the need to socialize with other people. Erikson believes this whereas Piaget thought of qualitative thinking that shapes a child. Erikson is more influential about identity developmentRead MoreAsian American Identity Development Model886 Words   |  4 PagesRCIDM and Multiculturalism Having knowledge of the Racial/Cultural Identity Development Model will help counselors to become more culturally competent. Although we know these phases, one must be aware of the cultures that counselors will be working with and how one’s beliefs can hinder the process. The five stages of the Asian-American Identity Development Model, developed by Sue and Sue, are: The ethnic awareness stage, White identification stage, the awakening to the social political consciousnessRead MoreBritish American Influence on Australia1015 Words   |  5 PagesBefore 1945, many people, including Australians themselves, considered Australia to be nothing more than a British colony whose national identity was virtually the same as the British. During this period of Australias history, our modes of entertainment, food, fashion, sporting culture and our social values and attitudes were largely dictated by British culture. One of the most significant changes to have taken place in Australian society since the end of WWII, has been its drift towards AmericanRead MoreThe Pivotal Influences On My Development797 Words   |  4 PagesDuring my middle childhood the pivotal influences on my development were participation in extracurricular activities and a love of reading. During middle childhood my parents enrolled me in ballet classes, various sports, and I competed in rodeos. These activities contributed to my social identity and social development. Through my extracurricular activities, I became aware of multiple aspects of my identity. For example, I knew to behave differently in my ballet classes than I might at a rodeo.Read MoreBackground and Global Influence of Japanese animation1540 Words   |  7 Pageslargest exporter of animation (Guo, 2013). The globalization of Japanese animation has huge development in recent two decades. Animation brings huge economic benefits to Japan. This essay will resea rch various aspects of Japanese animation, including background, global influences, differences between American and Japanese animation and cross-cultural communication. The research of this essay made one cultural flow of globalization clear. People all over the world will use artistic product with JapaneseRead MoreGlobalization And Its Impact On Culture And Identity1380 Words   |  6 Pagescultures, and influences. Due to the growth of technology use in the world, globalization, the process of interaction and integration among people, is spreading rapidly (What Is Globalization?†). Historically, people have often identified in a collective way in order to associate with a group, culture, or individual (Miladinovic). However, nowadays, this form of identification cannot be used as people are changing the way with they identify with others, due to the considerable influence of globalizationRead MoreAn Intrusion Of American Elements1508 Words   |  7 PagesThis intrusion of American elements replaces not only Chinese elements, but also the Vietnamese cultural identity. Contemporary culture, however, plays a different role. As current contemporary movies, music, visual arts and other entertainment forms produced by Vietnamese resolve around the Vietnamese â€Å"national cultural identity†, which almost always incorporates Chinese elements or Chinese influence in some ways: in its language, practiced customs, art motifs, etc., as addressed. Vietnam’s contemporaryRead MoreWhat Role Do Relationships Play in Developing Positive Learning Environments?1726 Words   |  7 PagesWhat role do relationships play in developing positive learning environments? Relationships play a very influential role in the development of a positive learning environment, as the relationship between the child’s immediate environment and settings all need to co-exist and work collaborative together, to form a positive learning environment. Relationships need to be formed, as it provides for the child with consistent support and can assist the child to develop skills and understandings they needRead MoreThe Issues of Globalization on National Cultures of Indonesia1272 Words   |  6 Pagessectors of life and make significant influence on world community. In the past, people only connect with the local culture. However, now hundreds of cultures around the world can be accessed. Indonesia as a one of the developing country in the world is also experiencing the effects of rapid globalization. The influence of globalization on national cultures covering a variety of sectures such as cultural life that are sooner or later will affect the principle of identity and national culture of IndonesiaRead MoreCultural Identity And Well Being1321 Words   |  6 PagesAssignment 2 Is there a relationship between cultural identity and well-being? Introduction This paper will weigh if there is a relationship between the psychological constructs of cultural identity and well-being. First there will be a consideration on what defines a cultural identity and how it fits in with psychological development and well-being. Followed by an explanation of different perspectives of well-being. BODY Cultural identity is a part of the psychological self-concept that expresses

Contemporary Accounting GAAP-Based Accounting Amounts

Question: Describe about the Contemporary Accounting for GAAP-Based Accounting Amounts. Answer: Introduction Scholars from various nations propounded on the fact there was a major requirement for a common accounting board and standard that would bring harmonization in the accounting standards and would consequently remove the pitfalls and the shortcomings that was seen in the local accounting standards. There was a critical requirement of a uniform reporting standard that would remove the deviations observed in various local accounting standards. The convergence program between FASB and IASB turned out to be the groundwork for the creation of IFRS. International Financial Reporting Standards are created as a common platform and standard for business house to base the preparation of their financial reports and statements. IFRS is designed to bring about transparency and cohesive understanding of accounts on a global level. It is a product of globalization, which reflected the growing incident of cross boundary capital flows. Since there were various variations and discrepancies in the nation al accounting board, the concept of IFRS was enacted and initiated to bring about uniformity and harmony in the accounting standards. The characteristic of IFRS is true and fair representation of financial statements and incorporation of transparency in financial statements. It embarked on fair valuation of assets instead of historical cost (Chatfield and Vangermeersch 2014). The study outlines the brief overview and history of International Financial Reporting Standards and the issues and development of Australia in adopting IFRS as the financial reporting standards. 1. History of International financial Reporting Standard The International Accounting Standards Committee was formed in 1973 with a purpose to address the requirements for standards that could be utilized by emerging nations for establishing and developing their respective accounting standards. The International Accounting Standards Board succeeded this board in 2001 (Miller and Power 2013). The IASB is a private body for setting of standards for non profit organizations and other government organization. It is situated in London. The fifteen members of the body were chosen on the grounds of technical skills and the members hailed from different countries. Four members of the group hailed from the United States of America. Fundraising activities were the sources of funds for this group. When IASB changed to International Financial Reporting Standards, one of the biggest challenges that were ahead was the arrangement of requisite funds for IFRS. Stability of fund was another major requirement. The main objective of IASB was to promote IFRS. Since IFRS was in the nascent stage and it was the duty and role of IASB to safeguard and protect IFRS. The regulatory structure and principles are very identical to Financial Accounting standards Board (FASB) in the United States of America. The IASC (International Accounting Standards Committee) was the body to whom the IASB reported to (Walton 2016). The introduction and the growth of the global market resulted in for a requirement of uniform set of financial reporting style and statements. It led to the need for a common language regarding global reporting. In relation to this, the IASB and FASB put forth the Norwalk Agreement in the year 2002 (Moore et al. 2013). There was a marked congruency in the requirements between the two boards and the agreements between the two boards paved the way for the requirement of a common standard of accounting standard that would be high standard and would facilitate reduction in cost, enhancement in the efficiency and fair and transparency in the information aspect for investors and stakeholders. The European Union required the listed companies to make and construct a consolidated financial representation under the standards and guidelines of International Financial Reporting Standards, from the year 2005. The two bodies namely, FASB and IASB stressed on a series on common and significant proj ects. The Securities and Exchange Commission enacted two major steps that acted as a catalyst and increased the pace of the timeframe of transformation of GAAP to IFRS (Brochet, Jagolinzer and Riedl 2013). Following in November, SEC released a final statement that permitted the foreign filters based in the United States of America to develop a framework, regarding the preparation and submission of financial data that had to conform to the standards of the IFRS and it eliminated the reconciliation to GAAP. The Securities and Exchange Commission issued a Concept Release in December, which required the feedback of the US public companies regarding their opinions of using IFRS in place of GAAP. Private companies and no profit seeking organization were provided the choice of adopting IFRS since the AICPA Council revised the rule 203 of the Code of Professional Conduct in 2008, in the month of May and gave significant recognition to International accounting standard Board as an internatio nal and standard body of establishing accounting standards (Daske, Leuz and Verdi 2013). IFRS, also known as International Financial Reporting Standards comprises of 41 IAS and 9 IFRS and some of them have been supplanted. Due diligence is applied by a stringent code during the phase when IFRS was being implemented into action. The former debates of FACB are used by IASB when it comes to the point f establishing and developing new standard and policies. According to surveys and reports, around 12000 have adopted and accepted IFRS as the financial reporting standards across the globe. The preparation of the financial statements by public organizations is based on IFRS. The local accounting standards are formulated and based on IFRS. The countries that have adopted IFRS are in progress of implementing IFRS in the accounting reporting standards (Kober, Lee and Ng 2013). The Securities and Exchange timeline provides an outline of the approach that would be adopted for converging IFRS. This emphasised on a convergence project that would be made between FASB and IASB from November 2008 till 2011. In the year 2011 the Securities and Exchange Commission decided whether it would go ahead with the transformation of GAAP to IFRS or whether it would withdraw the resolution. If it was concluded that GAAP would be transformed to IFRS, then the result of this would be that United States of America would have to use and adopt IFRS in the early part of 2014 (Pasko 2016). The changes took place in different stages. Major accelerated filters would adopt IFRS for the financial year ending December 15, 2014. Most public companies had to adopt IFRS by December 15, 2016. This timeline was constructed with comment duration ranging for ninety days, which was followed by an extension of comment days till 20th April, 2009. The Securities and Exchange Commission presented i ts final report regarding the issue in July 2012, which was complemented by a recommendation. Thus, it can be seen that convergence of accounting standards on a global level was not a new concept. The requirement of IFRS was a product of globalization, after the World War II since cross country capital transaction began with some acceleration and the integration of economies of various countries. This was done with the intention of harmonizing the accounting standards and reducing deviations and variations in the accounting standards (Nobes 2014). 2. Australian Accounting Standard Board and the adoption of IFRS by AASB Current Australian accounting regulatory framework is the Australian Accounting Standard Board. It is vested with the responsibility for developing, establishing and issuing accounting standards. The Australian Accounting Standards Board (AASB) has provided the A-IFRS. These standards in the accounting framework conform to the standards and guidelines of IFRS. These declarations replaced the former Australian Generally Accepted Accounting Principles and this took effect from the period post 1st of January 2005. Australia is one of the few countries that adopted IFRS at such an early stage in the national accounting standards. IFRS and IAS are a major component of the AASB. The AASB applied certain modifications to the declaration of IASB and have implied that there needs to be additional disclosures for Australian companies as well as non profit organizations. The non- profit organizations are obligated to make their financial statements that conform to the standards of IFRS. AASB imply on reflecting the changes that are made by IFRS as local declarations. AASB has provided Amending Standards to eliminate some disclosure policies, which were in the Australian accounting reporting context. The process of adoption of IFRS began with the AASB Exposure Draft and the evaluation of the fact that whether IFRS would promote the interests of the Australian economy. Necessary time was given to become acquainted with IFRS and establish information systems. To effectively adopt IFRS, the AASB gave an issue of AASB 1047, which disclosed the effects and inference of Adopting Australian Equivalents to International Financial Reporting Standards in 2004, in the month of April. AASB 1047 embarked on the point that entities needed to reveal the impacts in the financial statements relating to the year preceding to the year IFRS was adopted. It was given emphasis that major characteristics of extractive as well as insurance activities in Australia were retained in IFRS. Problems faced by AASB There were certain issues that made AASB adopt IFRS. There were gaps that were noticed in Australian GAAP that contributed to the adoption of IFRS. The deviation and the shortcomings that were noticed in the preparation of financial statement led to the adoption of IFRS. The need for disclosure policies, which were absent in the previous AASB policies had led to the adoption of IFRS. The lack of transparency did not make the accounting standards of Australia credible and reliable for stakeholders. Thus, AASB moved ahead to adopt International financial Reporting Standards (Barth, Landsman and Williams 2012). However, AASB have to face certain challenges regarding compliance with IFRS. The starting expenses revolving around the adoption of IFRS, especially regarding the compliance with IAS 39 has been high. Another challenge is the transformation from the development of domestic and national standard to contributing and assisting in setting of international standards. AASB has been involved in setting standards that comply with IFRS (Barth, Landsman and Williams 2013). AASB has been seen to transform itself, which has made the board to indulge in research in the activities of extractive industries and intangible assets. This is one of the major challenges that the board has to face. AASB has to comments and introspects all documents of IASB during consultation since the board has to incorporate IFRS features in its accounting standards. This is one of the challenges for the board (Bond, Govendir and Wells 2016). One of the challenges for the board revolved around the fact that AASB had to communicate with IASB of various interpretations and it did not allow the board to develop its own interpretations. This was one of the major shortcomings of the IFRS. It made the unable to address its own issues without having to contribute to IFRS (Kang and Gray 2013). Another issue that adoption of IFRS poses to AASB is the active participation in IPSASB activities. This sometimes poses as a challenge for the board since such active participation at times tend to be a big hassle (Thalassinos and Liapis 2013). AASB has to major contribute to the standards and guidelines of non-trading organization and other public sector organizations. It has to focus and evaluate the different reporting standards. These are major issues that the board has to face in such issues (Kober Lee and Ng 2013). It can be viewed that the major challenge that AASB has to face in adoption of IFRS is mainly revolving around cultural, political and educational issues. The board has to interpret the various standards from time to time and make continuous modifications to the standards of IFRS. Cultural and political differences also tend to be a major shortcoming of IFRS in context of Australia. One of the issues that AASB is the uncertainly regarding the staffing and governance structure of IASB, which impacts on the standard setting process and in the process there is major dilemma in adopting IFRS (Morris, Pickering and Aisbitt 2013). The cultures are always undergoing change and regulation systems are developing and adopting IFRS in such circumstances is a major challenge (Newberry and Ram 2015). Conclusion On concluding it, it can be seen that IFRS has become an important element of reporting standard and accounting standard in various countries. Australian Accounting Standard Board has made rapid progress in adopting IFRS and incorporating its effect in its accounting standards, which yielded many benefit for the accounting board and the reporting standards in Australia. On evaluating the history and background of IFRS, it can be seen that development and progress of IFRS had undergone rapid and radical changes and the success of this reporting standard has transcended the sky. However, irrespective of the numerous benefit, which this accounting standard has provided, there are certain limitations of the IFRS in the context of AASB due to cultural, political and other technical issues. Referencing List Barth, M.E., Landsman, W.R., Lang, M. and Williams, C., 2012. Are IFRS-based and US GAAP-based accounting amounts comparable?.Journal of Accounting and Economics,54(1), pp.68-93. Barth, M.E., Landsman, W.R., Lang, M.H. and Williams, C.D., 2013. Effects on comparability and capital market benefits of voluntary adoption of IFRS by US firms: Insights from voluntary adoption of IFRS by non-US firms.Rock Center for Corporate Governance at Stanford University Working Paper, (133). Bond, D., Govendir, B. and Wells, P., 2016. An evaluation of asset impairments by Australian firms and whether they were impacted by AASB 136.Accounting Finance. Brochet, F., Jagolinzer, A.D. and Riedl, E.J., 2013. Mandatory IFRS adoption and financial statement comparability.Contemporary Accounting Research,30(4), pp.1373-1400. Chatfield, M. and Vangermeersch, R., 2014.The History of Accounting (RLE Accounting): An International Encylopedia. Routledge. Christensen, H.B., Hail, L. and Leuz, C., 2013. Mandatory IFRS reporting and changes in enforcement.Journal of Accounting and Economics,56(2), pp.147-177. Christensen, H.B., Lee, E., Walker, M. and Zeng, C., 2015. Incentives or standards: What determines accounting quality changes around IFRS adoption?.European Accounting Review,24(1), pp.31-61. Daske, H., Hail, L., Leuz, C. and Verdi, R., 2013. Adopting a label: Heterogeneity in the economic consequences around IAS/IFRS adoptions.Journal of Accounting Research,51(3), pp.495-547. Kang, H. and Gray, S.J., 2013. Segment reporting practices in Australia: Has IFRS 8 made a difference?.Australian Accounting Review,23(3), pp.232-243. Kober, R., Lee, J. and Ng, J., 2013. GAAP, GFS and AASB 1049: perceptions of public sector stakeholders.Accounting Finance,53(2), pp.471-496. Miller, P. and Power, M., 2013. Accounting, organizing, and economizing: Connecting accounting research and organization theory.The Academy of Management Annals,7(1), pp.557-605. Moore, C.M., Kasivisvanathan, V., Eggener, S., Emberton, M., Ftterer, J.J., Gill, I.S., Grubb III, R.L., Hadaschik, B., Klotz, L., Margolis, D.J. and Marks, L.S., 2013. Standards of reporting for MRI-targeted biopsy studies (START) of the prostate: recommendations from an International Working Group.European urology,64(4), pp.544-552. Morris, R.D., Gray, S.J., Pickering, J. and Aisbitt, S., 2013. Preparers' Perceptions of the Costs and Benefits of IFRS: Evidence from Australia's Implementation Experience.Accounting Horizons,28(1), pp.143-173. Newberry, S. and Ram, R., 2015. Understanding complexities in international accounting standard setting: agenda entry and the case of IFRS for SMEs. Nobes, C., 2014.International Classification of Financial Reporting 3e. Routledge. Pasko, O., 2016. Due Process of the International Accounting Standard Board.Accounting and Finance, (2), pp.50-56. Thalassinos, E. and Liapis, K., 2013. A Comparative Analysis for the Accounting Reporting of Employee Benefits between IFRS and other Accounting Standards: A Case Study for the Biggest Listed Entities in Greece.International Journal of Economics and Business Administration,1(1), pp.99-124. Walton, P., 2016. Aiming for Global Accounting StandardsThe International Accounting Standards Board 20012011.Accounting in Europe,13(1), pp.121-123. Zeff, S.A., 2016.Forging accounting principles in five countries: A history and an analysis of trends. Routledge.

Fall of the Western Roman Empire free essay sample

Political reasons are part of why the Western Roman Empire declined. The death of the emperor Marcus Aurelius was a huge set bad for romans. The empire faced problems only a strong leader could fix, but at this point they didnt have one. Aureliuss son ruled for twelve years, but he didnt focus much on Romes problems. A total of about fifty different men claimed the title of emperor who all spent most of their time eliminating enemies and protcting themselves of assasination attempts. To conclude, they did not have much time to address the empires problems like attacks on the Roman frontiers. Military issues also took part in the fall of the Western Roman Empire. The reason for this is that Roman emperors has been forced to station troops on the empires northern border to repel invading. When this happened is caused a panic and disrupted trade. We will write a custom essay sample on Fall of the Western Roman Empire or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Because of another threat, Rome leaders were forced to transfer legions that had been defending the nothern frontier. There were fewer Roman troops to defend the nothern borders so emperors began paying German warriors not to fight and hiring them to defend the frontier. At this time emperors were still protecting themselves against rivals by hiring mercenaries. Eventually the empire relied on mercenaries or paid soilders from outside the empire. Since Romes army relied on paid soilders, the emperor Septimus Severus wanted to rewaed them. By doing that he increased their pay by a third depleting the treasury and creating economic hardship for tax paying romans causing the empire to fall. Another reason the Western Roman Empire fell was economic and social decline. Since Romes army cost so much money everyone was experiencing hard times. The fighting on the frontiers made trade and travel dangerous and expensive. Armies ruined farmers fields damaging agricultural production. To make problems bigger, smallpox and other diseased invaded everywhere killing several million people. Romes leaders began minting more coins declining money in value leading to servere inflaction. The number of taxpayers were increased by extending citizenship to all free people of the empire. Cizitenszship wasnt as precious as it once was because people were paying outrageous taxes for a crumbling empire. For the reasons discussed above, policial, military, and economics the Western Roman Empire took a huge decline falling to pieces. Emperors were lacking, war was raging, prices and taxes were rising, and hardships were increasing causing the Western Roman Empire to decline. Although it took the place of many years the Western Roman Empire did fall for several reasons.